主要成分 |
1.龙胆根含裂环烯醚萜甙类苦味成分:龙胆苦甙(gentiopicroside),当药苦甙(swertiamarin),当药甙(sweroside),苦龙胆酯甙(amarogentin),痕量苦当药酯甙(amaroswerin);苦甙总含量可高达7.33%,而龙胆苦甙含量可达6.34%[1]。生物碱:龙胆碱即秦艽碱甲(gentianine0.05%[2],龙胆黄碱(gentioflavine)[3]。2.条叶龙胆根含裂环烯醚萜甙类苦味成分:龙胆苦甙,当药苦甙,当药甙,苦龙胆酯甙,痕量苦当药酯甙;苦甙总含量可达4.35%,而龙胆苦甙含量为4.15%[1]。3.三花龙胆根含裂环烯酸萜类成分:龙胆苦甙,当药苦甙,当药甙,痕量苦当药酯甙;苦甙总含量为3.95%,而龙胆苦甙含量为3.66%[1]。还含三花龙胆甙(TCMLIBifloroside)[4]。4.滇龙胆根含裂环烯醚萜甙类苦味成分:龙服苦甙,当药苦甙,当药甙,痕量苦龙胆酯甙,痕量苦当药酯甙;苦甙总含量5.10%,龙胆苦甙含量5.01%[1]。地上部分含龙胆碱,秦艽碱乙(gentianidine),秦艽碱丙(gentianal),β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol)[5]。
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种子含脂类达6.6%,脂类中的脂肪酸为:棕榈酸(palmitic acid),硬脂酸(dtearic acid),油酸(oleic acid),亚油酸(linoleic acid)和亚麻酸(linolenic acid),及痕量的肉豆蔻酸(myristic acid),棕榈油酸(palmitoleic acid)和花生酸(arachidic acid)。甾醇(sterol),甾醇糖甙(sterol glycoside ),和单酸甘油酯(monoglyceride)。 |