主要成分 |
根中含生物碱:苦参碱(matrine),氧化苦参碱(oxymatrine),N-氧化槐根碱(N-oxysophocarpine)、槐定碱(sophoridine),右旋别苦参碱(-allomatrine),右旋异苦参碱(I-somatrine),右旋槐花醇(sophoranol),(+)槐花醇N-氧化物(sophoranolN-oxide),左旋槐根碱(sophocarpine),左旋槐胺碱(sophoramine),右旋-N-甲基金雀花碱(N-methylcytisine),左旋臭豆碱(anagyrine),赝靛叶碱(baptifoline)。根中还含多种黄酮类化合物:苦参新醇(kushenol)A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H、I、J、K、L、M、N、O,苦参查耳酮(kuraridin),苦参查耳酮醇(kuraridinol),苦参醇(kurarinol),新苦参醇(neokurarinol),降苦参醇(norkurarinol),异苦参酮(isokurarinone),刺芒柄花素(for-mononetin),苦参酮(kurarinone),降苦参酮(norkurarinone),甲基苦参新醇C(methylkushenolC),l-山槐素(lmaackiain),三叶豆紫檀甙(trifolirhizin)及三叶豆紫檀甙丙二酸酯(rtifolirhizin-6-O-malonate),苦参素(kushenin),异脱水淫羊藿素(isoanhy-droicaritin),降脱水淫羊藿素(noranhydroicaritin),黄腐醇(xan-thohumol),异黄腐酸(isoxanthohumol),木犀草素-7-葡萄糖甙(luteolin-7-glucoside)。此外,根中还含有三萜皂甙:苦参皂甙(sophoraflavoside)Ⅰ,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ,大豆皂甙(soyasaponin)I以及醌类化合物:苦参醌(kushequinone)A。地上部分含生物碱:苦参碱,氧化苦参碱,右旋一别苦参减,异苦参碱,槐花醇,槐花醇N-氧化物,臭豆碱,赝靛叶碱,左旋-N-甲基金雀花碱,左旋-槐根碱,左旋-槐胺碱,右旋-N-氧化槐根碱,左族-△7-脱氢槐胺碱(△7-dehydrosophoramine),异槐根碱(isosophocarpine),左旋-13,14去氢槐定碱(13,14-dehy-drosophoridine),右旋-9a-羟基苦参碱(9a-hydroxymatrine),左旋-9a-羟基槐根碱(9a-hydroxysophocarpine),左旋-9a-羟基槐根碱-N-氧化物(9a-hydroxysophocarpineN-oxide),左旋-7,8-脱氢槐胺碱(7,8-dehydrosophoramine),左旋-9a-羟基槐胺碱(9a-hydrox-ysophoramine),N-甲基金雀花碱二聚体(dimerofN-methyleyti-sine),槐定碱,有旋-12-去氢苦参碱(lehmannine)。还含2-烷基色酮衍生物(2-alkylchromonederivatives),其中以2-正二十一烷基-5,7-二羟基-6,8-二甲基色酮(2-n-heneicosyl-5,7-dihydroxy-6,8-dimethylchromone)和2-正二十三烷基-5,7-二羟基-6,8-二甲基色酮(2-n-tricosyl-5,7-dihydroxy-6,8-dimethylchromone)为主,还有2-正十三烷基(2-n-tridecyl)-、2-正十五烷基(2-n-pentadecyl)-、2-正十七烷基(2-n-heptadecyl)-、2-正十九烷基(2-n-nonadecyl)和2-正二十五烷基(2-n-pentacosyl)-的5,7-二羟基-6,8-二甲基色酮(5,7-dihydroxy-6,8-dimethylchromone)。花中含生物碱:右旋-苦参碱,右旋-氧化苦参碱,左旋-7,11-去氢苦参碱(7,11-dehydromatrine),右旋-5a,9a-二羟基苦参碱(5a,9a-dihydroxymatrine),左旋-槐根碱,N-氧化槐根碱,左旋-槐胺碱,左旋-9a-羟基槐胺碱,右旋-槐花醇,槐花醇-N-氧化物,羽扇豆碱(lupanine),左旋-臭豆碱,左旋-赝靛叶碱,左族-N-甲基金雀花碱,左旋-菱叶野决明碱(-rhombifoline),右旋-黄叶槐碱(mamanine),右旋-苦参胺(kuraranine),异苦参胺(isokuraramine)。 |
1.茅苍术根茎含挥发油3.25%-6.92%,内含2-蒈烯(2-carene),1,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-2,5,5-trimethyl-2H-2,4α桥亚乙基萘(1,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-2,5,5-trimethyl-2H-2,4α-ethanonaphthalene),β-橄槛烯(β-maalinene),花柏烯(chamigrene),丁香烯(caryophyllene),榄香烯(elemene),葎草烯(humulene),芹子烯(selinene),广藿香烯(patchoulene),1,9-马兜铃二烯(1,9-aristolodiene),愈创薁醇(guaiol),榄香醇(elemol),苍术酮(atractylone),芹子二烯酮[seli-na-4(14),7(11)-diene-8-one],苍术呋喃烃(atractylodin),茅术醇(hinesol),β-桉叶醇(β-eudesmol)[1,2]等。根茎还含糠醛(furlade-hyde)[3],乙酰氧基苍术酮(3β-acetoxyatractylone),3β-羟基苍术酮(3β-hydroxyatracetylone)[4],白术内酯(butenoliede)B[5]等。又含色氨酸(tryptophane),3,5-二甲氧基-4-葡萄糖氧基苯基烯丙醇(3,5-dimethoxy-4-glucosyloxyphenylallylalcohol)以及2-(1,4α-二甲基-3-葡萄糖氧基-2-酮基-2,3,4,4α5,6,7,8-八氢萘-7-基)异丙醇葡萄糖甙[2-(1,4α-dimethyl-3-glucosyloy-2-oxo-2,3,4,4α5,6,7,8-octahydronaphthalen-7-yl)-isopropanolglucoside],2-[8-甲基-2,8,9-三羟基-2-羟甲基双环[5。3。0]癸-7-基]异丙醇葡萄糖甙
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