药性 | 寒 | 寒 |
药味 | 苦 | 苦 |
归经 | 肝经 | 肝经 |
主要成分 | 1.楝叶:含芸香甙(rutin),山柰酚-3-芸香糖甙(kaempferol-3-O-β-rutinoside)。2.川楝叶含川楝子甾醇(toosendansterol)A及B,黑麦草内酯(loliolide),川楝子甙(toosendanoside),苦楝子紫罗醇甙(meliaionoside)A及B。 |
西藏胡黄连根茎中含有环烯醚萜糖甙:胡黄连苦甙(picroside)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、[1],桃叶珊瑚甙(aucubin),梓醇(catalpol);酚甙:盾叶夹竹桃甙(androsin);葫芦素类糖甙:25-乙酰氧基-2β-吡喃葡萄糖氧基-3,16,20-三羟基-9-去甲羊毛甾-5,23-二烯-22-酮(25-acetoxyl-2β-glucopyranosyloxy-3,16,20-trihydroxy-9-methyl-19norlanosta-5,23-diene-23-one),2β-吡喃葡萄糖氧基-3,16,20,23-四羟基-9-甲基-19-去甲羊毛甾-5,24-二烯(2β-glucopyranosyloxy-3,16,20,22-tetrahydroxy-9-methyl-19-norlanosta-5,24-diene),还含香草酸(vanillic acid),桂皮酸(cinnamic acid),阿魏酸(ferulic acid)[1]及D-甘露醇(D-man-nitol)[2]。 胡黄连根中含D-甘露醇,香草酸[3][3],茶叶花宁(apocynin)[4],胡黄连苦甘Ⅱ[5],胡黄连甙(kutkoside)[7],6-阿魏酰基梓醇(6-vanilloylcatalpol),婆婆纳甙(veronicoside),米内甙(minecoside),支杉甙(picein),盾叶荚生桃甙[8],已乙酰基-6′-桂皮酰基梓醇(panta-acetyl-6-vaniloyl catalplol),六乙酰基梓醇(hex-aacetyl catalpol)[9],还含戎芦素类糖甙成分:25-乙酰氧基-2β-葡萄糖氧基-3,16,20-三羟基-9-甲基-19-去甲-5,23-羊毛甾二烯-22-酮(25-acetoxy-2β-glucosyloxy-3,16,20-trihydroxy-9-methyl-19-norlanosta-5,22-dienen-22-one)[10],葫芦苦素B-2-O-葡萄糖甙即海绿甾甙Ⅰ(cucurbitacin B-2-O-glucoside arvenin Ⅰ),23,24-二氢葫芦苦素B-2-O-葡萄糖甙(23,24-dihydrocucurbitacin B2-O-glucoside),2-β-glucosyolxy-3,16,20,25-四羟基-9-基-19-去甲-5,23-羊毛甾二烯-22-酮(2-β-glucosyloxy-3,16,20,25-tetrahy-droxy-9-methyl-19-norlanosta-5,23,diene-22-one),2-β-葡萄糖氧基-3,16,20,25-四闳基-9-甲基-19-去甲-5-羊毛甾烯-22-酮(2-β-glucosyloxy-3,16,20,25-tetrahydroxy-9-methyl-19-norlanosta-5-ene-22-one),戎芦苦素Q-2-O-葡萄糖甙(cucurbitacin Q-2-O-glu-coside),去乙酰氧基葫芦苦素B-2-O-葡萄糖甙(deacetoxy-cucur-bitacin B-2-O-glucoside)[11],海绿甾甙(arvenin)Ⅱ2-β-葡萄糖氧基-3,16,20,25-四羟基-9-甲基-19-去甲-5,23-羊毛甾二烯-11,22-二酮即莫须有芦苦素O-2-O-β-葡萄糖甙(2-β-glucosyloxy-3,16,20,25-tetrahyolroxy-9-methyl-19-norlanosta-5,23-diene-11,11,22-dione,cucurbitacin O-2-O-β-glucoside),2-β葡萄糖氧基-16,20-二羟基-9-甲基--19-去甲-5,24-羊甾二烯-3,11,22-三酮(2-β-glu-cosyloxy-16,20-dihydroxy-9-methyl 19-norlanosta-5,24-diene-3,11,22-trione)[12],2-β-葡萄糖氧基-16,20,22-三羟基-9-甲基-19-去甲-5,24-羊乞求甾二烯-3,11-二酮(2-β-glucosyloxy-16,20,22-tri-hydroxy-9-methyl-19-norlanosta-5,24-diene-3,11-dione),海绿甾甙Ⅲ[13],25-乙酰氧基-2-β-吡喃葡萄糖氧基-3,16-二羟基-9-甲基-19-去甲-5,www.med126.com23-羊毛甾二烯-22-酮(25-acetyloxy-2-β-glucopyra-nosyloxy-3,16-dihydroxy-9-methyl-19-norlanosta-5,23-diene-22-one),25-乙酰氧基-2-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖氧基-3,16,20-三羟基-9-甲基,-19-去甲-5,23(Z)-羊毛甾二烯-22-酮(25-acetyloxy-2-β-D-glu-copyranosyloxy-3,16,20-trihydroxy-9-methyl-19-norlanosta-5,23(Z)-diene-22-one),25-乙酰氧基-2-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖氧基-3,16,20-三羟基-9-甲基-19-去甲-5-羊毛甾烯-22-酮(25-acetyloxy-2-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-3,16,20-trihydroxy-9-methyl-19-norlanosta-5-ene-22-one),2-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖氧基-3,16,20-三羟基-9-甲基-19-去甲-5,24-羊毛甾二烯-22-酮(2-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-3,16,20-去甲-5,24-羊毛甾二烯-22-酮(2-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-3,16,20-trihydroxy-9-methyl-19-norlanosta-5,24-dinene-22-one),2-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖氧基-3,16-二羟基-4,4,9,14-四甲基-19-去甲-5-孕甾烯-20-酮(2-β-D-glucosyloxy-3,16-dihydroxy-4,4,9,14-tetram-ethyl-19-norpregn-5-ene-20-one),2,3,16,20,25-五羟基-9-甲基-19-去甲-5-羊毛甾烯--2-酮(2,3,16,20,25-pentahydroxy-9-methyl-19-norlanosta-5-ene-22-one)、2-6-O-桂皮酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖氧基-3,16,20,25-四羟基-9-甲基-19-去甲-5-羊毛甾烯-22--酮[2(6-O-cinnamoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3,16,20,25-te-trahydroxy-9-methyl-19-norlanosta-5-one][14]。(2β,9β,10α,16α,20ξ,24ξ)-20,24-环氧-2-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖氧基)-16,25-二羟基-9-甲基-19-去甲-5羊毛甾烯-3,11-二酮[(2β,9β,10α,16α,20ξ,24ξ)-20,24-环氧-2(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖氧基)-3,16,25-三羟基-9-甲基-19-去甲-5-羊毛甾烯-11-酮[(2β,3β,9β,10α,16α,20ξ,24ξ)-20,24-epoxy-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2,16,25-trhydroxy-9-methyl-19-norlanost-5-ene-11-one],(2β,9β,10α,16α,20ξ,24ξ)-20,24-环氧-2-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖氧基)-16,25,26-三羟基-9-甲基-19-去甲-5-羊毛甾烯-3,11-二酮[(2β,9β,10α,16α20ξ24ξ)-20,24-epoxy-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-16,25,26-tri-hydroxy-9-methyl-19-norlanost-5-ene-3,11-dione],(2β,3β,9β,10α,16α,20ξ,24ξ)-20,24-环氧-2-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖氧基)-3,16,25,26-四羟基-9-甲基-19-去甲-5-羊毛甾烯-11-酮[(2β,3β,9β,10α,16α,20ξ,24ξ)-20-epoxy-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-3,16,25,26-tetrahydroxy-9-methyl-19-norlanost-5-ene-11-one)],(2β,9β,10α,16α,20β,24z)-2-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖氧基)-16,20,26-三羟基-9-甲基-19-去甲-5,24-羊毛甾二烯-3,11-二酮[(2β,9β,10α,16α,20β,24z)-2-(Βd-glucopyranosyloxy-16,20,26-trihydroxy-9-methyl-19-norlanost-5,24-driene-3,11-dione)]及(2β,9β,10α,16α,20β,24z)-2-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖氧基)-3,16,20,26-四羟基-9-甲基-19-去甲-5,24-羊毛甾二烯-11-酮[(2β,9β,10α,16α,20β,24z)-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3,16,20,26-tetrahydroxy-9-methyl-19-norlanost-5,24-diene-11-one][15]。 |
用法用量 | 外用:适量,煎水洗、捣敷或绞汁涂。内服:煎汤,5-10g。 |
内服:煎汤,6-12g;或入丸、散。外用:适量,研末调敷;或浸汁点眼。 |
注意事项 | 脾胃虚弱者慎服。 | |
临床应用 | ||
功效主治 | 清热燥湿;杀虫止痒;行气止痛。主湿疹瘙痒;疮癣疥癞;蛇虫咬伤;滴虫性阴道炎;疝气疼痛;跌打肿痛 |
退虚热;消疳热;清热燥湿;泻火解毒。主阴虚骨蒸;潮热盗汗;小儿疳疾;湿热泻痢;黄疸;吐血;衄血;目赤肿痛;痈肿疮疡;痔疮肿毒 |