药性 | 温 | 平 |
药味 | 辛 | 甘 |
归经 | 心经 | 大肠经 |
主要成分 | 根部心材含多种黄酮类成分,属异黄酮的有:刺芒柄花素(formononetin),鲍迪木醌(bowdichione),3'-甲氧基大豆素(3'-methoxydaidzein);属黄烷酮的有:甘草甙元(liquiritigenin);属查耳酮的有:异甘草甙元(isoliquiritigenin),2'-O-甲基异甘草甙元(2'-O-methylisoliquiritigenin);属异黄烷的有:(3R)-驴食草酚[(3R)-vestitol](3R)-环裂豆醌[(3R)-claussequinone],5'-甲氧基驴食草酚[(3R)-5'-ethoxyvestitol],3',8-二羟基驴食草酚[(3R)-3,8-dihydroxyvestitol],消旋的微凸剑叶莎酚(mucronulatol),右旋的剑叶莎属异黄烷(duartin),消旋的异剑叶莎属异黄烷(isoduartin),降香异黄烯(odoriflavene(;属异黄烷酮的有:(3R)-2',3'-7-三羟基-4'-甲氧基异黄烷酮[(3R)-2',3',-7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxylsoflavanone〕。还含双异黄烷类成分:(3R, 4R)-反式-2',3',7-三羟基-4'-申氧基-4[(3R)-2',7-二羟基-4'-甲氧基异黄烷-5'-基]异黄烷{(3R,4R)-trans-2',3',7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxy-4-[(3R)-2,7-dihydroxy-4-methoxyisoflavan-5'-yl]-isoflavan},(3R,4R)-反式2',7-二羟基-4'-甲氧基-4-[(3R)-2',7-二羟基-4'-甲氧基异黄烷-5'-基]异黄烷{(3R,4R)-trans-2',7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-[(3R)-2',7-dihydroxy-4-methoxyisoflavan-5-yl]isoflavan},(3R,4R)-反式-3'下,7-二羟基-2',4'-二甲氧基-4[(3R)2',7-二羟基-4'-甲氧基异黄烷-5'-基]异黄烷{(3R,4R)-trans-3',7-dihydroxy-2',4'-dimethoxy-4-[(3R)-2',7-dihydroxy-4-methoxyisoflavan-5'-yl]isoflavan,7-羟基-4'-甲氧基-2',5'-二氧-4-[(3R)-2',7-二羟基-4'-甲氧基异黄烷-5'-基〕异黄烷{7-hydroxy-4'-methoxy2',5'-dioxo-4-[(3R(-2',7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavan-5'-yl]isoflavan},(3R,4R)-反式-3',7-二羟基-2',4'-二甲氧基-4-[(2S)-4',5,7-三羟基黄烷酮-6-基]异黄烷{(3R,4R)-trans-3',7-dihydroxy-2',4'-dimethoxy-4-[(2S)-4',5,7-trihydroxyflavanone-6-yl]isoflavan},2,3-二去氧-2',7-二羟基-4'-甲氧基-3-[2',7-二羟基-4'-甲氧基异黄烷-6-基]黄烷{2,3-didehydro-2',7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-3-2',7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavan-6-yl]flavan},2,3-二去氧-2',7-二羟基-4'-甲氧基-3-[2',7-二羟基-4'-甲氧基异黄烷-5'基]黄烷[2,3-didehydro-2',7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-3-(2',7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavan-5'-yl)flavan],2,3-二去氧-2',7-二羟基-4'-甲氧基-3-(2',7-二羟基-4'-甲氧基异黄烷-5'基)黄酮[2,3-didehydro-2' 7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-3-(2',7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavan-5'-yl(flavan]。又含紫檀烷类成分:美迪紫檀素(medicarpin),左旋的9-O-甲基尼森香豌豆紫檀酚(9-O-methyl-nissolin),左旋的白香草木犀紫檀酚(melilotocarpan)C及D,左旋的季香紫檀素(odoricarpin)。还含肉桂基苯酚类成分:钝叶黄檀苏合香烯(obtustyrene),异微凸剑叶莎苏合香烯。又含2-羟基-3,4-二甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯(methyl2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxybenzoate),2',6-二羟基-4'-甲氧基-2-芳基苯并呋喃(2',6-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-2-arylbenzofuran)。 |
叶含多种甾体皂甙,水解后得到的甙元有:3-表-替告皂甙元(3-epi-tigogenin),3-表-新替告皂甙元(3-epi-neotigogenin),它俩分别是5α-螺甾烷-3α-醇(5α-spirostan-3α-ol)的(25R)和(25S)差向异构体;勘尼皂甙元(cannigenin),朱蕉皂甙元(cordylagenin),它俩分别是5α-螺甾烷-1β,3α-二醇(5α-spirostan-1β,3α-diol)的(25R)和(25S)差向异构体;替告皂甙元(tigogenin),新替告皂甙元(neotigogenin),它俩分别是5α-螺甾烷-3β-醇(5α-spirostan-3β-ol)的(25R)和(25S)差向异构体;薯蓣皂甙元(diosgenin),雅姆皂甙元(yamogenin),它俩分别是5-螺甾烯-3β醇(spirost-5-en-3β-ol)的(25R)和(25S)差向异构体;(25S)一罗斯考皂甙元[(25S)-ruscogenin)即是(25S)-5-螺甾烯-1β,3β-二醇[(25S)-spirost-5-en-1β,3β-diol];波锐斯巴皂甙元(brisbapenin)即是(25R)5α-螺甾烷1β,3β-二醇[(25R)-5α-spirostan-1β,3β-diol〕;剑叶铁树皂甙元(strictagenin)即是(20S22S,25S)-5α-呋甾烷-22,25-环氧-1β,3α,26-三醇[(20S,22S,25S)-5α-furostan-22,25-epoxy-1β,3α,26-triol],泼姆皂甙元(pompeygenin)即是(25S)-5α-螺甾烷-1β,3α,25-三醇[(25S)-5α-spirostane-lβ,3α,25-triol],克拉波皂甙元(carbbogeni)即是5α-螺甾-25(27)-烯-3α-醇[5α-spirost-25(27)-en-3α-ol〕,lβ-羟基克拉波皂甙元(1β-hydroxy-crabbognin)。 |
用法用量 | 内服:煎汤,3-6g;研末吞服1-2g;或入丸、散。外用:适量,研末敷。 |
内服:煎汤,15-30g。 |
注意事项 | ||
临床应用 | ||
功效主治 | 活血散瘀,止血定痛,降气,辟秽。主胸胁疼痛,跌打损伤,创伤出血,以及寒疝疼痛或秽浊内阻之呕吐腹痛。 |
散瘀消肿;凉血止血。主跌打损伤;外伤出血;便血;尿血;鼻衄;咳嗽吐血;哮喘;小儿疳积;痢疾 |