主要成分 |
叶含虾子花素(woodfruticosin),即是虾子花鞣质C;黄酮醇甙:槲皮素-3-O-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖甙(quercetin-3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃木糖甙(quercetin-3-O-β-D-xylopyrancoide),杨梅树皮素-3-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖甙(myricetin-3-O-α-L-arabinopyrancoide);黄酮醇甙没食子酸酯:槲皮素-3-O-(6-没食子酰)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖甙(quercetin-3-O-(6-galloyl)-β-D-galactopyranoside〕,槲皮素-3-O-(6-没食子酰)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(quercetin-3-O-(6-galloyl)-β-D-glucopyra-noside],杨梅树皮素-3-O-(6-没食子酰)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖甙(myricetin-3-O-(6-galloyl)-β-D-galactopyrancoids];三萜类:羽扇豆醇(lupeol),白桦脂醇(betulin),白桦脂酸(betulinicacid),齐墩果酸(oleanolicacid),熊果酸(ursolicacid),β-谷甾醇(β-sitos-terol);以及没食子酸(gallicacid),并没食子酸(ellagicacid)。又含痕量生物碱。 |
根含三萜皂甙:11-氧代-5-葫芦烯-3β,24(R),25-三醇-3-O-三糖甙[11-oxocucurbit-5-ene-3β,24,25-triol3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)β-D-glucopyronlsyl(1→2)β-D-glu-copyranoside],25-O-β-D-(6-O-已酰基)吡喃葡萄糖基氧代-5-葫芦烯-3β,24(R),25-三醇-3-O-三糖甙[25-O-β-D(6-O-acetyl)ghucopyranosyl-11-oxocucurbit-5-ene-3β,24(R),25-triol3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)β-O-glucopyranosyl(1→2)β-D-glucopyra-noside],25-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基11-氧代葫芦烯-3β,24(R),25-三醇-3-O-三糖甙[25-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-11-oxocucurbit-5-ene-3β,24(R),25-triol3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)β-D-glu-copyranosyl(1→2)β-D-glucopyranoside][1];甾醇及甾醇甙:α菠菜甾醇(α-spinasterol),△7-豆甾烯醇(△7-stigmastenol),α-菠菜甾醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(α-spinasterol3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside),△7-豆甾烯醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(△7-stigmastenol3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside)[1,2],α菠菜甾醇-3-O-β-D-(6-棕榈酰)吡喃葡萄糖甙[α-spinasterol-3-O-β-D-(6-palmitoyl)glucopyranoside],α-菠菜甾醇-3-O-β-D(6-亚油酰)吡喃葡萄糖甙[α-spinasterol-3-O-β-D(6-linoleoyl)glucopyranoside)],△7-豆甾烯醇-3-O-β-D-(6-棕榈酰)吡喃葡萄糖甙[△7-stigmasterol-3-O-β-D-(6-palmitoyl)glucopyranoside],△7-豆甾烯醇-3-O-β-D-(6-linoleoyl)glucopyranoside][1];有机酸及其他成分:棕榈酸(palmiticacid),棕榈酸甲酯(methylpalmi-tate),香草酸(vanillicacid)[1],亚油酸(linolicacid),亚麻酸(linlenicacid),精氨酸(arginine),胆碱(choine)[2]等。还含一种新的引产有效蛋白:β-trichosanthin),相对分子技量20000,分子中不含半胱氨酸(cysteine),其活性是天花粉蛋白(trichosanthin)的2倍[3];另据报道,还含另一种引产有效蛋白,效价比桥栝楼(Thichosantheskirilowii)和日本栝楼(Trichoseanthesjaponica)所含的高6倍[4]。又含两个对肺癌有抑制活性的糖蛋白(glucoprotein),其中糖部分有半乳糖(galactose)和木糖(xylo-se)[5]。 |