主要成份:全草含卡烯内酯(cardenolides),铃兰毒甙(convallatoxin),葡萄糖铃兰毒原甙(glucoconvalloside),铃兰毒原甙(convalloside),去葡萄糖墙花毒甙(deglucocheirotoxin),铃兰毒醇甙(convallatoxol),铃兰种甙(majaloside)。单甙类有:异鼠李素3-半乳糖甙(isorhamnetin3-galactoside),槲皮素3-半乳糖甙(quercetin3-galactoside),山柰酚3-半乳糖甙(kaempferol3-galactoside);二糖甙类有:异鼠李素3-半乳鼠李糖甙(isorham-netin3-galactorhamnoside),槲皮素3-半乳鼠李糖甙(quercetin3-galactorhamnoside)及山柰酚3-半乳鼠李糖甙(kaempferol3-galactorhamnoside);三甙类有:异鼠李素3-半乳糖二鼠李糖甙(isorhamnetin3=galactodirhamnoside),槲皮素3-半乳糖二鼠李糖甙(quercetin3-galactodirhamnoside)及山柰酚3-半乳糖二鼠李糖甙(kaempferol3-galactodirhamnoside)。还含杠柳-6-脱氧古洛糖葡萄糖甙(glucoperigulomethyloside),比平多甙元-6-脱氧古洛糖甙(bipindogulomethyloside),毕平多甙元-6-脱氧古洛糖葡萄糖甙(glucobipindogulomethyloside),毕平多甙元3-O-6 -去氧β-D-古洛糖甙(bipindogenin3-O-6 -deoxy-β-D-guloside),毕平多甙元3-O-α-L鼠李糖甙6 -去氧-β-D-阿洛糖甙(bipindogenin3-O-α-L-rhamnoside6 -deoxy-β-D-alloside),毕平多甙元3-O-β-D-阿洛糖甙(bipindogenin-3-O-β-D-alloside),沙门托洛甙元-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖甙(sarmentologenin3-O-α-L-rhamnoside),沙门托洛甙元3-O-6 -去氧-β-古洛糖甙(sarmentologenin3-O-6 -deoxy-β-guloside),沙门托洛甙元3-O-6 -去氧-β-D-阿洛糖甙(sarmentolo-genin3-O-6 -deoxy-β-D-alloside),沙门托西甙元3-O-α-L-鼠李糖甙(sarmentosigenin3-O-α-L-rhamnoside),沙门托西甙元3-O-6 -去氧-β-D-阿洛糖甙(sarmentosigenin3-O-6 -deoxy-β-D-alloside),沙门托西甙元-3-O-6 -去氧-β-D-古洛糖甙(sarmentosigenin-3-O-6 -deoxy-β-D-guloside),叶绿素(chlorophyll)和类胡萝卜(carotenoid)地上部分含坎纳醇-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖甙(cannogenol-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside),坎纳醇-3-O-β-D-甲基阿洛糖甙(cannogenol-3-O-β-D-allomethyloside),异鼠李素(isorhamnetin),槲皮素(quercetin),山柰酚(kaempferol),木犀草素(luteolin),芹菜素(apigenin),金圣草素(chrysoeriol),新铃兰毒原甙(neoconval-loside),铃兰毒原甙(convalloside)。叶含杠柳鼠李糖甙(periplorhamnoside),3β,5,14β-三羟基-5β-20(22)-卡烯内酯3-α-L-鼠李糖甙(3β,5,14β-trihydroxy-5β-card-20(22)-enolide3-α-L-rhamnoside),杠柳古洛糖甙(perigulo-side),萝藦甙元6-去氧-β-D-古洛糖甙(periplogenin6-deoxy-β-D-guloside),灰毛糖芥强心甙(canescein),沙门托西甙元A3β-O-α-L-鼠李糖甙(sormentosigeninA3β-O-α-rhamnoside),沙门甙元α-L-鼠李糖甙(sarmentogeninα-L-rhamnoside),19-氢化灰毛糖芥强心甙即沙门甙元β-D-6-脱氧古洛糖甙(canesceol,carmentogeninβ-D-gulomethyloside),毒毛旋花子甙元3-O-6 -去氧-β-D-阿洛糖甙-α-L-鼠李糖甙(ctrophanthidin3-O-6 -deoxy-β-D-allo-side-α-L-rhamnoside),毒毛旋花子甙元3-O-6 -去氧-β-D-阿洛糖甙-α-L-阿拉伯糖甙(strophanthidin3-O-6 -deoxy-β-D-allosido-α-L-arabinoside),毒毛旋花子甙元3-O-α-L-鼠李糖甙-2 -β-D-葡萄糖甙(strophanthidin3-O-α-L-rhamnosido-2 -β-D-glucoside),坎纳醇3-O-6 -去氧-β-D-阿洛糖甙-β-D-葡萄糖甙(cannogenol-3-O-6 -deoxy-β-D-alloside-β-D-glucoside),坎纳醇3-O-6 -去氧-β-D-阿洛糖甙-α-L-鼠李糖甙(cannogenol-3-O-6 -deoxy-β-D-allosido-α-L-rhamnoside),19-羟基沙门甙元3-O-α-L-鼠李糖甙(19-hydrox-ysarmentogenin3-O-α-L-rhamnoside),沙门甙元3-O-6 -去氧-β-D-阿洛糖甙-α-L-鼠李糖甙(sarmentogenin3-O-6 -deoxy-β-D-allosido-α-L-rhamnoside),沙门甙元3-O-6 -去氧-β-D-古洛甙(sarmentogenin3-O-6 -deoxy-β-D-guloside)。花含杠柳鼠李糖甙,3β,5,14β-三羟基-5β-20(22)-卡烯内酯3-α-L-鼠李糖甙,杠柳古洛糖甙,萝藦甙元6-去氧-β-D-古洛糖甙,铃兰毒甙,3 ,4 ,5,7-四羟基黄酮-6-鼠李糖甙(biorobin),生物槲皮素(bioquercetin),铃兰黄酮甙(keioside),异槲皮素(isoquercetin),山柰酚-3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖基-(2←1)-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖甙[kaempferol-3-O-β-D-galactopvranosyl-(2←1)-O-α-L-rhamnopvranoside],槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖基-(2←1)-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖甙[quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(2←1)-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside]。根茎含加那利甙元3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠糖基-(1→5)-O-β-D-呋喃木糖甙[canarigenin3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→5)-O-β-D-xylofuranoside]。根及根茎含去葡萄糖墙花毒甙,铃兰毒甙,铃兰毒醇甙,呋甾烷醇皂甙(furostanolsaponin),螺甾烷醇皂甙(spirostanolsaponin)。种子含新铃兰毒原甙,铃兰毒原甙。
性 状:性状鉴别全草长10-30cm。根茎细长,匍匐状,具多数肉质须根。叶通常2枚。完整叶片椭圆形或椭圆状披针形,长7-20cm,宽3-8cm,全缘,先端急尖,基部楔形,叶脉平行弧形。叶柄长8-20cm,稍呈鞘状。总状花序,偏向一侧,花白色,约10朵,下垂,有香气。
适应症/功能主治:温阳利水;活血祛风。主充血性心力衰竭;风湿性心脏病;阵发性心动过速;浮肿