根部心材含多种黄酮类成分,属异黄酮的有:刺芒柄花素(formononetin),鲍迪木醌(bowdichione),3'-甲氧基大豆素(3'-methoxydaidzein);属黄烷酮的有:甘草甙元(liquiritigenin);属查耳酮的有:异甘草甙元(isoliquiritigenin),2'-O-甲基异甘草甙元(2'-O-methylisoliquiritigenin);属异黄烷的有:(3R)-驴食草酚[(3R)-vestitol](3R)-环裂豆醌[(3R)-claussequinone],5'-甲氧基驴食草酚[(3R)-5'-ethoxyvestitol],3',8-二羟基驴食草酚[(3R)-3,8-dihydroxyvestitol],消旋的微凸剑叶莎酚(mucronulatol),右旋的剑叶莎属异黄烷(duartin),消旋的异剑叶莎属异黄烷(isoduartin),降香异黄烯(odoriflavene(;属异黄烷酮的有:(3R)-2',3'-7-三羟基-4'-甲氧基异黄烷酮[(3R)-2',3',-7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxylsoflavanone〕。还含双异黄烷类成分:(3R, 4R)-反式-2',3',7-三羟基-4'-申氧基-4[(3R)-2',7-二羟基-4'-甲氧基异黄烷-5'-基]异黄烷{(3R,4R)-trans-2',3',7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxy-4-[(3R)-2,7-dihydroxy-4-methoxyisoflavan-5'-yl]-isoflavan},(3R,4R)-反式2',7-二羟基-4'-甲氧基-4-[(3R)-2',7-二羟基-4'-甲氧基异黄烷-5'-基]异黄烷{(3R,4R)-trans-2',7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-[(3R)-2',7-dihydroxy-4-methoxyisoflavan-5-yl]isoflavan},(3R,4R)-反式-3'下,7-二羟基-2',4'-二甲氧基-4[(3R)2',7-二羟基-4'-甲氧基异黄烷-5'-基]异黄烷{(3R,4R)-trans-3',7-dihydroxy-2',4'-dimethoxy-4-[(3R)-2',7-dihydroxy-4-methoxyisoflavan-5'-yl]isoflavan,7-羟基-4'-甲氧基-2',5'-二氧-4-[(3R)-2',7-二羟基-4'-甲氧基异黄烷-5'-基〕异黄烷{7-hydroxy-4'-methoxy2',5'-dioxo-4-[(3R(-2',7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavan-5'-yl]isoflavan},(3R,4R)-反式-3',7-二羟基-2',4'-二甲氧基-4-[(2S)-4',5,7-三羟基黄烷酮-6-基]异黄烷{(3R,4R)-trans-3',7-dihydroxy-2',4'-dimethoxy-4-[(2S)-4',5,7-trihydroxyflavanone-6-yl]isoflavan},2,3-二去氧-2',7-二羟基-4'-甲氧基-3-[2',7-二羟基-4'-甲氧基异黄烷-6-基]黄烷{2,3-didehydro-2',7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-3-2',7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavan-6-yl]flavan},2,3-二去氧-2',7-二羟基-4'-甲氧基-3-[2',7-二羟基-4'-甲氧基异黄烷-5'基]黄烷[2,3-didehydro-2',7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-3-(2',7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavan-5'-yl)flavan],2,3-二去氧-2',7-二羟基-4'-甲氧基-3-(2',7-二羟基-4'-甲氧基异黄烷-5'基)黄酮[2,3-didehydro-2' 7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-3-(2',7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavan-5'-yl(flavan]。又含紫檀烷类成分:美迪紫檀素(medicarpin),左旋的9-O-甲基尼森香豌豆紫檀酚(9-O-methyl-nissolin),左旋的白香草木犀紫檀酚(melilotocarpan)C及D,左旋的季香紫檀素(odoricarpin)。还含肉桂基苯酚类成分:钝叶黄檀苏合香烯(obtustyrene),异微凸剑叶莎苏合香烯。又含2-羟基-3,4-二甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯(methyl2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxybenzoate),2',6-二羟基-4'-甲氧基-2-芳基苯并呋喃(2',6-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-2-arylbenzofuran)。
性状鉴别 呈类圆柱形或不规则块状。表面紫红色或红褐色,切面有致密的纹理。质硬,有油性。气微香,味微苦。以色紫红、坚硬、气香、不带白色边材、入水下沉降香者为佳。显微鉴别 粉末特征:(1)降香檀 紫棕色或黄棕色。①具缘孔导管,粗大,长225-275μm,直径100-275(300)μm,管腔内有红棕色或黄棕色块状物,有少数网纹导管。②纤维成束,棕红色,长250-500(-1250)μm,壁甚厚,纤维束周围的细胞含草酸钙方晶,形成晶鞘纤维,含晶细胞壁不均匀木化增厚。草酸钙方晶长径12-30μm。③射线宽1-3列细胞,高至15细胞壁厚,纹孔较密。④色素块红棕色、淡黄色或黄绿色。
(2)印度黄檀 深紫红色。①具缘纹孔导管巨大,色。①具缘纹孔导管巨大,淡黄色或棕黄色。完整者直径约至300μm,多破碎,具缘纹孔大而清晰,圆形、长圆形或类三角形,直径至10μm,排列较密,并列或互列,纹孔口短缝状,常2至数个横向相接成线状,导管中含棕红色色素物。②傍管木薄壁细胞常与导管碎片相连接。呈类方形、长方形或多角形,壁稍厚,木化,纹孔较多,孔沟明显。③木纤维及晶纤维成束,棕红色。纤维细长,稍弯曲,直径8-20μm,壁甚厚,纹孔稀少或无,孔沟不明显,胞腔线形。纤维束周围细胞中,含有草酸钙方晶,形成晶纤维;含晶细胞的壁不均匀增厚,木化。④草酸钙方晶类方形、多面形或板状,直径9-20μm。⑤木射线径向及切向纵断面易察见。宽l-2列细胞,高至15个细胞,壁连珠状增厚,木化,纹孔较密,切向壁纹孔甚大。⑥木薄壁细胞呈长方形、类方形或长条状,有的延长作短纤维状,端壁平直或稍倾斜,壁连珠状增厚,木化,纹孔明显。⑦色素块较多,淡黄色或棕红色,大多由导管中脱出。呈不规则块状,大小不一。
活血散瘀,止血定痛,降气,辟秽。主胸胁疼痛,跌打损伤,创伤出血,以及寒疝疼痛或秽浊内阻之呕吐腹痛。