主要成份:根茎含多种二苯基庚烷类化合物:姜黄素(curcumin),二氢姜黄素(dihydrocurcumin),六氢姜黄素(hexahydrocurcumin),八氢姜黄素(octahydrocurcumin),(1ξ)-1-羟基-1,7-双(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-6-庚烯-3,5-二酮[(1ξ)-1-hydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy=-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-heptene-3,5-dione],(3R,5R)-1-(4-羟苯基)-7-苯基-3,5庚二醇[(3R,5R)-1-(4)-hydroxyphenyl]-7-phenylheptane-3,5-diol],5-羟基-7-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-1-苯基-3-庚酮[5-hydroxy-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-3-heptanone],1,7-二苯基-4-庚烯-3-酮(1,7-diphenyl-hept-4-en-3-one),7-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-1-苯基-4-庚烯-3-酮[7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenylhept-4-en-3-one],1,7-二苯基-5-羟基-3-庚酮(1,7-diphenyl-5-hydroxy-3-heptanone),7-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-1-苯基-3,5-庚二酮,[7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-3,5-heptadione],5-甲氧基-7-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-1-苯基-3-庚酮[5-methoxy-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-3-heptanone],5-羟基-7-(4-羟苯基)-1-苯基-3-庚酮[5-hydroxy-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-3-heptanone],7-(4-羟苯基)-1-苯基-4-庚烯-3-酮[7]-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-4-hepten-3-one],5-甲氧基-7(4-羟苯基)-1-苯基-3-庚酮[5-methoxy-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-3-heptanone],5-甲氧基-1,7-二苯基-3-庚(5-methoxy-1,k7-diphenyl-3-heptanone),表六氢姜黄素(epihexahydrocurcumin),5?-羟基-1,7-二苯基-3-庚酮[(5R)-hydroxy-1,7-diphenyl-3-heptanone],5(R)-羟基-7-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-1-苯基-3-庚酮[5(R)-hydroxy-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-3-heptanone]。还含黄酮类化合物:高良姜素(galangin),槲皮素(quercetin),山柰酚(kaempferol),山柰素(kaempferide),异鼠李素(isorhamnetin),槲皮素-5-甲醚(quercetin-5-methylether),高良姜素-3-甲醚(galangin-3-methyl ether),还可能含有鼠李柠檬素(rhamnocitrin)及7-羟基-3,5-二甲氧基黄酮(7-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyflavone)。又含挥发油,内有:桉叶素(1,8-cineole),丁香油酚(eugenol),汇报烯(pinene),荜澄茄烯(cadinene),桂皮酸甲酯(methylcinnamate)。根尚含β-谷甾醇-β-葡萄糖甙(β-sitosterol-β-glucoside),豆甾醇葡萄糖甙(stigmasterol-β-glucoside),菜油甾醇葡萄糖甙(campestrol-β-glucoside)。
性 状:性状鉴别,根茎圆柱形,多弯曲,有分枝,长4-9cm,直径1-1.5cm。表面棕红色或暗褐色,有细密纵皱纹及灰棕色波状环节,节间长0.5-1cm,下面有圆形根痕。质坚韧,不易折断,断面灰棕色或红棕色,纤维,内皮层环较明显,散有维管束点痕。气香,味辛辣。
以分枝少、色红棕、香气浓、味辣得为佳。
显微鉴别,根茎横切面:表皮细胞略切向延长,外壁增厚。皮层中叶迹维管束较多,外韧型,较中柱维管束大;内皮层明显。中柱散有多数外韧型维管束,近内皮层处维管束较小而密,几连成环状;维管束鞘纤维成环,壁厚,非木化和微木化。薄壁组织中散有多数分泌细胞,内含黄色或红棕色树脂状物;薄壁细胞充满淀粉粒。
粉末特征:紫棕色。①淀粉粒单粒棒槌形、肾形、长椭圆形、菱角形或长卵形,长24-44(-93)μm,直径8-27μm,脐点点状、短缝状或三叉状,偏于一端或位于中部,层纹不明显或隐约可见;复粒由2-8分粒组成,偶见半复粒。②分泌细胞破碎,完整者类圆形或椭圆形,直径40-48μm,壁稍厚,有纹孔,胞腔含橙红色或棕红色树脂状物。③薄壁细胞壁稍厚,有类圆形纹孔;偶见细小草酸钙方晶。④梯纹、网纹及螺纹导管直径18-56μm。此外,有纤维及多角形鳞叶表皮细胞。有时可见根的内皮层细胞,常单个散在,狭长形,末端平截或稍尖突,长120-200μm,直径22-27μm,壁三边甚厚,一边薄,也有四面均匀增厚,非木化,也沟明显。
适应症/功能主治:温中散寒;理气止痛。主脘腹冷痛;呕吐;噫气